Veröffentlicht am von sautrika

No. 270

Byzantium and the pre-Islamic Arabs:
a preliminary bibliography

No. 270 (2020)

By Maria Vaiou

 I.‘Abbās, Ta’rīkh Bilād al-Shām min qabla l-Islām ḥattā bidāyat al-‘aṣr al-umawī, 600–661 (Amman, 1990).

Kh. Abd el-Badea Radwan Mahmoud, ‘Tanukhs in Syria and their relationship with the Roman empire between the third and seventh centuries’, in A. al-Helabi, et al., Arabia, Greece and Byzantium. Cultural contacts in ancient and medieval times. Proceedings of the International symposium on the historical relations between Arabia, the Greek and Byzantine world (5th c.BC‒10thc. AD), vol.ii (Riyadh, 2012). 404

  1. ‘Abd al-Ghani, Ta’rikh al-Hirah fi al-Jahiliya wa al-Islam (Damascus, 1993).
  2. M. Abel, ‘L’ Îsle de Iotabe’, RB 47 (1938), 510‒38
  3. Abujaber, ‘Changes and challenges in Arab life in Transjordan during the three centuries before Islam 380–638’, in Changes and challenges. 11th international conference on the history and archaeology of Jordan (Paris, 2010).
  4. ‘Alī, al-Mufaḍḍal fi ta’rīkh al-‘Arab qabl al-Islām (Beirut, 1969).
  5. Alt, ‘Die letzte Grenzverschiebung zwischen den römischen Provinzen Arabia und Palästina’, ZDPV 65 (1942), 68–76.

_____, ‘Beiträge zur historischen Geographie und Topographie des Negeb, V: Das Ende des Limes Palestinae’, JPOS 18 (1938), 149–60.

  1. Altheim, R. Stiehl (ed.), Die Araber in der Alten Welt, 5 vols. (Berlin, 1964–8).
  2. Rahman al-Ansary, Qaryat al-Fau. A portrait of pre-Islamic civilisation in Saudi Arabia (Riyadh, 1982).
  3. T. Armstrong, ‘Fifth and sixth-century church building in the holy land,’ GOThR 14 (1969), 17–30.
  4. Asad, ‘The Bedoin as a military force: notes on some aspects of power relations between nomads and sedentaries in historical perspective’, in C. Nelson (ed.), The Desert and the sown; nomads in the wider society (Berkeley, 1973), 61‒73.

Kh. Athamina, ‘The tribal kings in pre-Islamic Arabia. A study of the epithet malik or dhū al tāj in early Arabic traditions’, al-Qantara 19. 1 (1998), 19‒37.

  1. Auchterlonie, ‘Pre-Islamic period (pre-7th century AD)’, in Yemen rev.ed. (Oxford, 1998), 80‒91 [WBS 50].
  2. Avi-Yonah, The Holy Land from the Persian to the Arab conquests (536 B.C .to A.D. 640) : a historical geography (Grand Rapids, Mich., 1966).

_____, The Jews under Roman and Byzantine rule: a political history of Palestine from the Bar Kokhba War to the Arab conquest [translated and adapted by the author] (New York, 1984).

A.al-Azmeh, The emergence of Islam in late antiquity (Cambridge, 2014).

  1. S. Bagnall (ed.), Egypt in the Byzantine World, 300–700 (Cambridge, 2007).
  2. Bailey, ‘Dating the arrival of the Bedouin tribes in Sinai and the Negev’, JESHO 28 (1985), 20–49.

_____, ‘A reply to F. Stewart’s notes on the arrival of the Bedouin tribes in Sinai’, JESHO 34.1/2 (1991), 110–5.

  1. Ball, Rome in the East: the transformation of an empire (London New York, 2000).
  2. B. Banning, ‘Peasants, pastoralists, and Pax Romana: mutualism in the highlands of Jordan,’ BASOR 261 (1986), 25–50.
  3. Barnard, ‘Sire, il n’y a pas de Blemmyes: a re-evaluation of historical and archaeological data’, in J. C. M. Starkey (ed.), People of the Red Sea: proceedings of the Red Sea Project II (Oxford, 2005), 23-40 [Society for arabian studies monographs 3; BAR int. ser. 1395].
  4. Bausi (ed.), Languages and cultures of Eastern Christianity: Ethiopian (2012).
  5. Beaucamp, ‘Le rôle de Byzance en mer Rouge avant 531. Mythe ou réalite?’, in eadem, F.Briquel-Chatonnet et Chr. J. Robin, Le massacre de Najrân. Regards sur les sources croisés (Paris, 2010), 197–218.

_____, F.Briquel-Chatonnet, and Chr. J. Robin (éd.), Juifs et chrétiens en Arabie aux Ve et VIe siècles. Regards croisés sur les sources (Leuven, 2010).

__________________________________________,‘La persécution des chretiens de Nagrn et la chronologie ˛imyarite’, ARAM 11–2 (1999–2000), 15–83.

  1. Belçaguy, ‘Some remarks on the documents concerning the Blemmyes and the X-group culture’, in N.B. Millet, A.L. Kelley (eds.), Meroitic Studies (Berlin, 1982) , 228‒31.
  2. Berger, ‘Christianity in South Arabia in the 6th century AD–truth and legend’, in A. al-Helabi, et al., Arabia, Greece and Byzantium. Cultural contacts in ancient and medieval times, Proceedings of the International symposium on the historical relations between Arabia, the Greek and Byzantine world (5th c .BC‒10thc. AD), Riyadh 6–10 December, 2010, 2 vols. (Riyadh, 2012), 159–62.
  3. P. Berkey, The Formation of Islam: religion and society in the Near East, 600–1800 (Cambidge, 2003).
  4. Bevan, G. Fisher; and D. Genequand, ‘The late antique church at Tall al-ʿUmayrī East. New evidence for the Jafnid family and the cult of St. Sergius in northern Jordan’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 373 (2015), 49–68.
  5. Bianquis, ‘L’ Islam entre Byzance et les Sassanides: élements pour une analyse comparative des pouvoirs politiques à Byzance, dans le domaine iranien pré-islamique et au début des Omayyades’ in P. Canivet, J.-P. Rey-Coquais, eds. La Syrie deByzancea l’Islam VII-VIII“ siècles (Damascus, 1992), 281‒90.
  6. Blau, ‘Arabien im sechsten Jahrhundert. Eine ethnographische Skizze’, ZDMG 23 (1869).

On Blemmyes, see www.scribd.com/doc/37641602/Aswan-in-late-antiquity

  1. C. Blockley, ‘Subsidiaries and diplomacy: Rome and Persia in late antiquity’, Phoenix 39 (1985), 62–74.

C.E. Bosworth, ‘Iran and the Arabs before Islam’, in E. Yarshater (ed.), The Cambridge history of Iran, III: The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian periods, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1983), I, 593–612.

  1. Bowden, L. Lavan, C. Machado (eds.), Recent research on the late antique countryside (Leiden, 2004) [LAA 2].

G.W. Bowersock,  ‘Limes Arabicus’, HSCP 80 219‒29.

_____, Hellenism in late antiquity (Ann Arbor, 1990).

_____,‘Mavia, queen of the Saracens’, in W. Eck, H. Galsterer, and H. Wolff (eds.), Studien zur Antiken Sozialgeschichte. Festschrift Friedrich Vittinghoff (Cologne, 1980), 477‒95.

_____, Empires in collision in late antiquity (The Menahem Stern Jerusalem Lectures) (Hanover, NH, 2012).

_____, P. Brown, O. Grabar (eds.), Late antiquity. A guide to the postclassical world (Cambridge MA, 1999, 2000).

_____, The throne of Adulis. Red Sea wars on the eve of Islam (Oxford, 2013).

  1. Bradshaw, J. M. Fossey (eds.), The Levant: crossroads of late antiquity. History, religion and archaeology=Le Levant: Carrefour de l’ antiquité tardive (Leiden, 2014).
  2. Brakmann, Die Einwurzelung der Kirche im spätantiken Reich von Aksum (Bonn, 1994).
  3. Brands, ‘Die sogenannte Audienzsaal des al-Mundir in Reṣāfa’, DaM 10 (1998), 237‒41.
  4. D. Bukharin, ‘Greeks on Socotra. Commercial contacts and early Christian missions’, in I. Strauch (ed.), Foreign sailors on Socotra. The inscriptions and drawings from the cave Hoq (Bremen, 2012), 501‒39.
  5. O’. Bweng-Okwess, ‘Les Négro-Africains dans les relations Arabo-byzantines (Ve‒Xe s.)’, GA 3 (1984), 85‒94.

_____, ‘L’ Afrique au sud de l’ Égypte et du Sahara dans l’ Oikoumène byzantin’, JOAS 20 (2011), 11‒8.

_____, ‘L’ Africain subsaharien dans l’ iconographie byzantine’, JOAS 24 (2015), 31‒7.

  1. Cabouret and P. L. Gatier, C. Saliou, Antioche de Syrie: histoire, images et traces de la ville antique (Lyon, 2004).
  2. Cameron, Late Antiquity on the eve of Islam (Farnham, 2013)
  3. Canard, ‘Notes on some episodes concerning the relations between the Arabs and the Byzantine empire from the fourth to the sixth century’, DOP 10 (1955), 306‒16.
  4. J. Casey, ‘Justinian, the limitanei, and Arab-Byzantine relations in the sixth century’, JRA 9 (1996), 214–22.
  5. Chapot, La frontière de l’Euphrate de Pompée à la conquête arabe. [BEFAR 99]. (Paris, 1907).
  6. Christides, ‘The beginning of Graeco-Nabatean religious syncretism: two stone lintels from Sweydah in Nabatene, ‘The judjment of Paris’ and ‘Athena and Aphrodite with the lion’, GA 6 (1995), 272–300.

_____, ‘Ethnic movements in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. Blemmyes-Beja in late antique and early Arab Egypt until 707 A.D.’, LF 1033 (1980) , 129–43.

_____, ‘New light on navigation and naval warfare in the eastern Mediterranean, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean (6th‒14th centuries A.D.)’, Nubica III/1 (1994), 3–42.

_____, (ed.), Interrelations between the peoples of the Near east and Byzantium in the pre-Islamic times (Cordoba, 2015).

  1. P. O’ Connor, ‘The etymology of “Saracen” in Aramaic and pre-Islamic Arabic contexts’, in P. Freeman and D. L. Kennedy (eds.), The defence of the Roman and Byzantine East, II (Oxford, 1986), 603‒32.
  2. I. Conrad, ‘Eastern neighbours: the Arabs to the time of the Prophet’, in The Cambridge History of the Byzantine empire c.500–1492 (Cambridge, 2019), 173‒95.

_____, ‘The Arabs’, in A. Cameron, et al. (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History, 14: Late Antiquity: Empires and Successors, A.D. 425–600 (Cambridge, 2000), 678–700.

  1. Conti Rossini, ‘Les listes des rois d’ Aksoum’, JA 14 (1909), 263–320.
  2. Daghfous, Le Yaman islamique des origines jusqu’ à l’ avènement des dynasties autonomes (ier‒iiièmes./viième-ixème s.), 2 vols. (Tunis, 1995) [Publications de la faculté des sciences humaines et sociales Série 4 Histoire 25].
  3. Devreesse, ‘Arabes Perses et Arabes Romains, Lakhmides et Ghassānids’, in Vivre et penser, ser. 2 (Paris, 1942), 263–307.
  4. Dhorme, ‘Les arabes en Syrie avant l’ Islam’, JSav (1955).
  5. Dihle, ‘Die Sendung des Inders Theophilos’, Palingenesia 4 (1969), 330–6.

_____, ‘L’ ambassade de Théophile l’ Indien réexaminée’, in T. Fahd,  L’ Arabie préislamique et son environment historique et culturel (Leiden, 1989), 461–8.

  1. Dignas and E. Winter, Rome and Persia in late antiquity: neighbours and rivals (Cambridge, 2007).
  2. H. F. Dijkstra, ‘I, Silko, came to Talmis and Taphis’: interactions between the peoples beyond the Egyptian frontier and Rome in late antiquity’, in J. Dijkstra & G. Fisher (eds.), Inside and out: interactions between Rome and the peoples on the Arabian and Egyptian frontiers in late antiquity (200‒800 CE) (Leiden, 2014), 299‒330.

_____, & G. Fisher (eds.), Inside and out: interactions between Rome and the peoples on the Arabian and Egyptian frontiers in late antiquity (200‒800 CE) (Leiden, 2014).

  1. H. Dodgeon and S. N. C. Lieu, compiled and edited by, The Roman eastern frontier and the Persian wars AD 226–363 A documentary history (London, N. Y., 2005).
  2. M. Donner, ‘The role of nomads in the Near East in late antiquity 400-8000’, in F. M. Clover and R. S. Humphreys (eds.), Tradition and innovation in late antiquity (Madison, WI), 73–85.

_____,  ‘The background to Islam’, in M. Maas, The Cambridge companion to the age of Justinian (Cambridge, 2005), 510‒33.

_____,’State and society in pre-Islamic Arabia’, In idem, The early Islamic conquests (Princeton, NJ, 1981), 11–50.

  1. J. Drewes, ‘La question de ‘Ezânâ , roi d’ Axoum’, Semitica 52–3 (2002), 125–36.
  2. Drost and G. Fisher, ‘Structures of power in late antique borderlands: Arabs, Romans, and Berbers’, in Globalizing borderlands. Studies in Europe and North America, ed. J.W.I. Lee and M. North (Lincoln & London, 2016), 33-82.
  3. Dussaud, La penetration des Arabes en Syrie avant l’ Islam (Paris, 1955) [BAH 59].
  4. M. Dziekan, ‘The Arabs before Islam–the birth of the new religion’, in T. Wolińska, P. Filipczak (eds.), Byzantium and the Arabs. The encounter of civilizations, from sixth to mid-eighth century (Łódź, 2015), 38‒54.
  5. Edwell et al., ‘Arabs in the conflict between Rome and Persia, AD 491–630’, in Fisher, Arabs and empires before Islam, 214–75.

EPLBHC, 1, ‘Abraham’, 21, ‘Abu Harib’, 31, ‘Arethas’, 356–7, ‘Arethas, St.’, 357, ‘Axumite dynasty’, 471–3; 2: ‘Barachia’, 25; ‘Blemmyes, Dynasties’, 119–21; ‘Dhu Nuwas (Dimnos, Dunaan, Dhu-Nawas), 338–9; ‘Ella-Amida’, 388–9; ‘Ella Asbeha’, 389; ‘Esimiphaios’, 406; ‘Ethiopia, Dynasties’, 407–8.

  1. Engelhardt, Mission und Politik in Byzanz. Ein Beitrag zur Strukturanalyze byzantinischer Mission zur Zeit Justins und Justiniens (München 1974).
  2. Erickson-Gini, ‘Crisis and renewak –settlement in the central Negev in the third and fourth centuries C.E.’ (Ph. D. Hebrew Un., Jerusalem, 2004).

A.A. Ezzah, ‘The political situation in eastern Arabia at the advent of Islam’, vol. 9, Proceedings of the twelfth Seminar for Arabian Studies held at the School of Oriental & African Studies and Institute of Archaeology, London on 10th– 12th July, 1978 (1979), 53–64.

  1. Facey, ‘The Red Sea: the wind regime and location of ports’, in P. Lunde and A. Porte (eds.), Trade ad travel in the Red Sea region. Proceedings of Red Sea project I held in the British museum October 2002 (Oxford, 2004).
  2. Fahd, L’ Arabie préislamique et son environment historique et culturel (Leiden, 1989).
  3. Fagan, ‘King of All the Arabs’ Examining the development of Arab-Roman frontier relations and the role of the Limes Arabicus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE’ (BA Uni. Missouri).
  4. Farioli Campanati (ed.), La Siria araba da Roma a Bisanzio (Ravenna, 1989).
  5. Fiaccadori, Theophilo Indiano (Ravenna, 1992) [Biblioteca di ‘Felix Ravenna’ 7].

_____, ‘Gregentius in the land of the Homerites’, in Life and works of Saint Gregentius, Archbishop of Taphar ed. A. Berger (Berlin-New York, 2006), 48–82 [Millenium Studies 7],

  1. T. Fiema, ‘Late antique Petra and its hinterland: recent research and new interpretations’, in J. H. Humphrey (ed.), The Roman and Byzantine Near East,vol. 3 JRA (Portsmouth, 2002), 191–252 [Suppl. Ser. 49].

_____, L. Koenen, F. Zayadine, ‘Petra Romana, Byzantina et Islamica’, in T. Weber, R. Wenning (eds.), Petra: Antike Felsstadt zwitschen arabischer Tradition und griechischer Norm (Mainz, 1997).

  1. Findlater, ‘Limes Arabicus, via militaris and resource control in southern Jorddan’, in Limes XVIII: proceedings of the xviiith international congress of Roman frontier studies held in Amman, Jordan, ed. Ph. Freeman (Oxford, 2002), 137‒52.
  2. Finster, ‘Arabia in late antiquity : an outline of the cultural situation in the peninsula at the time of Muhammad’, in A. Neuwirth et al.., The Qur’n in context. Historical and literary investigations into the Qur’nic milieu (Leiden, 2009), 61–114.
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_____, ‘Arabia and the Late Antique East: current research, new problems’ www.academia.edu/13207868

_____, ‘Reflections on Arab leadership in Late Antiquity’, L. Nehme, A. al-Jallad, To the Madbar and back again: studies in the languages, archaeology and cultures of Arabia  dedicated to M. C. A. Macdonald (Leiden, 2018),489–521.

_____, ‘Rome and the Ghassanids: comparative perspectives on conversion, boundaries and power in Near Eastern borderlands’, in E. Bradshaw Aitken (ed.),  The Levant. Crossroads of late antiquity: history, religion and archaeology (Leiden, 2014), 273‒92 [McGill University monographs in classical archaeology and history 22].

_____, ‘Kingdoms or dynasties? Arabs, history, and identity before Islam’, JLA 4 (2011), 245‒67.

_____, D. Genequand (eds.), Regards croisés de l’ histoire et de l’ archéologie sur la dynastie Jafnide (forthcoming).

_____, ‘Emperors, politics, and the plague’, in C. Robin and D. Genequand (eds.), Regards croisés de l’ histoire et de l’ archéologie sur la dynastie Jafnide (forthcoming).

_____, ‘The political development of the Ghassan between Rome and Iran’, JLA 1 (2008), 311‒34.

_____ and J. Dijkstra (eds.), Inside and out: interactions between Rome and the peoples on the Arabian and Egyptian frontiers in late antiquity (200‒800 CE) (Leiden, 2014).

_____, ‘State and tribe in late antique Arabia: a comparative view’, in J. Dijkstra & G. Fisher, Inside and out: interactions between Rome and the peoples on the Arabian and Egyptian frontiers in late antiquity (200‒800 CE) (Leiden, 2014), 281‒97.

_____ ed.,, Arabs and empires before Islam (Oxford, 2015).

_____, ‘From Mavia to al-Mundhir. Arab Christians and Arab tribes in the late antique Near East’,  in Religious culture in Late Antique Arabia. Selected Studies on the Late Antique Religious Mind, ed. K. Dmitriev and I. Toral-Niehof (Piscataway, 2017), 165-218.

_____, ‘State and tribe in late antique Arabia: a comparative view’, in Inside and out: interactions between Rome and the peoples of the Arabian and Egyptian frontiers, ed. J. H. F. Dijkstra and G. Fisher (Leuven, 2014), 279–95.

_____, ‘A new perspective on Rome’s Desert Frontier’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 336 (November 2004), 49-60.

J.-L. Fournet, ‘The private life of a man of letters: well-read practices in Byzantine Egypt according to the Dossier of Dioscorus of Aphrodite’, in S. Fitzgerald Johnson, Languages and cultures of eastern Christianity: Greek (Farnham, 2015).

  1. Foss, ‘The Near eastern countryside in Late Antiquity’, in J. H. Humphrey (ed.), The Roman and Byzantine Near East (Ann Arbor, 1995), 213–34 [JRA suppl. 14].
  2. K. Fowden, ‘An Arab building at al-Rusāfa-Sergiopolis’, DaM 12 (2000), 303–27.
  3. Freeman and D. L. Kennedy (eds.), The defence of the Roman and Byzantine East, II (Oxford, 1986).
  4. French and C. S. Lightfoot (eds.), The Eastern frontier of the Roman empire, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1989). (BAR Int. Ser. 553).
  5. Gajda, ‘Hugr b. ʿAmr roi de Kinda et l’établissement de la domination Ḥimyarite en Arabie central’ [Christian Assyria. Contribution to the study of the history and the ecclesiastical and monastic geography of northern Iraq] Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 26 (1996), 65–73.

P.-L. Gatier, ‘Villages du Proche-Orient protobyzantin (4ème‒7ème s.). Étude régionale’, in G. R. D. King and A. Cameron (eds),The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East 2. Land use and settlement patterns (Princeton, 1994), 17‒48.

_____, ‘Les Jafnides dans l’épigraphie grecque au VIe siècle’, in Les Jafnides: Des rois arabes au service de Byzance (VIe siècle de l’ère chrétienne), ed. by D. Genequand and Chr. J. Robin (Paris, 2015), 193–222.

  1. Gaube, ‘Arabs in sixth-century Syria: some archaeological observations’, in Proceedings of the first international conference on Bilād al-Shām , 20–25 April 1974 (Amman, 1984), 61-6; BBSMES 8/2 (1981), 93–8.

_____, ‘Arabs in sixth-century Syria’, BSMESB 8 (1981), 93–8.

_____, Ein Arabischer Palast in Südsyrien. Hirbet el-Baida (Beirut, 1974).

  1. Genequand and C. J. Robin (eds.), Les Jafnides. Des rois arabes au service de Byzance (VIe siècle de l’ ère chrétienne) (Paris, 2015).

_____, ‘Some thoughts on Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi, its dam, its monastery and the Ghassanids’, Levant (2006), 63‒84.

  1. Ghirshman, Iran: Parthians and Sassanians, tr. S. Gilbert and J. Emmons (London, 1962).
  2. Gichon, ‘The strategic conception and the tactical functioning of the Limes Palaestinae after the Diocletian reorganisation’, in Roman frontier Studies 1995: proceedings of the XVIth international congress of Roman frontier studies, ed. W. Groenman-van Waateringe (Oxford, 1997).
  3. Goubert, ‘Le problème ghassanide à la veille de l’ Islam’, VIe CÉB Paris 27 Juillet-2 Aout 1948, t.1 (Paris, 1950), 103‒18.

_____, Byzance avant l’ Islam, 2 vols. in 3 prts  (Paris, 1951‒65).`

  1. F. Graf, ‘Zenobia and the Arabs’, in D. H. French and C. S. Lightfoot, The Eastern Frontier of the Roman Empire, vol. 1. (Oxford, 1989), I, 143‒67.

_____, ‘The Saracens and the defenses of the Arabian frontier’, BASOR 229 (1978), 1‒26.

_____, Rome and the Arabian frontier: from the Nabataeans to the Saracens (Aldershot, 1997).

_____, ‘Defence of the Arabian frontier’, in id. (ed), Rome and the Arabian frontier.

_____, ‘Arabia before Islam’, in S. Schmidtke, Studying the Near and Middle East at the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton, 1935–2018  (2018).

  1. Grafton, ‘The Arabs of Pentecost: Greco-Roman views of the Arabs and their cultural identity’, Theological Review [Near East School of Theology] 30 (2009), 183–201.
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_____, ‘Moines, militaires et défense de la frontière orientale au VIe s.’, in A. S. Lewin, and P. Pellegrini (eds.), The Late Roman Army in the Near East from Diocletian to the Arab conquest: proceedings of a colloquium held at Potenza, Acerenza and Matera, Italy (May 2005) (Oxford, 2007), 285–97 [BAR Int. Ser. 1717].

_____, Rome and Persia at War, 502–532  (Leeds, 1998) [ARCA, Classical and Medieval Texts, Papers and Monographs 37].

_____, ‘Procopius and Roman imperial policy in the Arabian and Egyptian frontier zones’, in Dijkstra& Fisher, 247–62.

  1. G. Grouchevoy, ‘Trois ‘Niveaux’ de phylarques. Études terminologique sur les relations de ome et de Byzance avec les arabes avant l’ Islam’, Syria 72 (1995), 105‒31.
  2. K. Haarer, Anastasius I: politics and empire in the late Roman world (Liverpool, 2006).
  3. Hägg, ‘Some remarks on the use of Greek in Nubia’, in J. M. Plumley (ed.), Nubian Studies (Cambridge, 1978).
  4. Haiman, ‘Agriculture and nomad-state relations in the Negev desert in the Byzantine and early Islamic periods’, BASOR 297 (1995), 29–53.
  5. J. Hall, Roman Berytus: Beirut in Late Antiquity (London, 2004).
  6. Halm, The Arabs: a short history, tr. A. Brown and Th. Lampert (Princeton, NJ, 2007).
  7. Hasson,’Judham entre la Jāhiliyya et l’ Islam’, SI 81 (1995), 5–42.
  8. Hatke, ‘Africans in Arabia Felix: Aksumite relations with Ḥimyar in the sixth Century C.E.‘ (Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, 2011).
  9. F. Healey, ‘Pamyra and the Arabian Gulf trade’, Aram 8 (1996), 33–7.
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St. Heidemann, Die Renaissance der Städte in Nordsyrien und Nordmesopotamien. Städtische Entwicklung und wirtschaftliche Bedingungen in ar-Raqqa und Ḥarrān von der Zeit der beduinischen Vorherrschaft bis zu den Seldschuken (Leiden, 2002) [IHC 40].

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_____, ‘Remarks on some geo-political information in texts on Kaleb’s reign’, EF 84 (2002), ns13, 189–202.

_____, ‘Pax Aethiopica, diplomatic missions and immunity in Nubia and Ethiopia (2nd–middle 6th century AD)’,  in  Interrelations between the peoples of the Near East and Byzantium in pre-Islamic times (Córdoba, 2015), 67‒78.

_____, ‘Ezana, basileus d’ Axoum: quelques considérations prosopographiques et chronologiques ‘, EF 79 (1997), ns. 8, 124–34.

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  3. G. Hoyland, ‘Late Roman Provincia Arabia, monophysite monks and Arab tribes: a problem of centre and periphery‘, SC 2 (2009), 117–39.

_____, Arabia and the Arabs: from the bronze age to the coming of Islam (London, 2001, 2002, 2003).

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_____,’ The Arabs and the peace treaty of A.D. 561’, Arabica 3 (1956), 181‒213.

_____,  ‘Byzantium and Kinda’, BZ 53 (1960), 57-73, 59‒61.

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