No. 265

A list of Latin polemical texts on Christian-Muslim relations:
a bibliographical guide

No. 265 (2020)

By Maria Vaiou

Selected primary sources

Abbot Samson (d. 890), Apologeticus (wr. 864)=Apologético del Abad Sansón, ed. J. Palacios Royan (Madrid, 1987); (repr. Tres Cantos, 1998).

CMR 1, 691–4.

Adelphus (d. pr. early 12^th c.),  ‘Life of Muhammad’ (early 12^th c.), ed. B. Bischoff, ‘Ein Leben Mohammeds (Adelphus?) (Zwölfes Jahrhundert) Anecdota Novissima. Texte des vierten bis sechzenten Jahrhundert (1984), 106–22 (ed. of Latin text and analysis).

CMR 3, 572–3.

Ademar of Chabannes (d. 1034), Sermons (ca. 1029–32), ed. P. Bonnassie and R. Landes, ‘Une nouvelle hérésie est née dans le monde’, in M. Zimmerman (ed.), Les sociétés méridionales autour de l’ an mil (Paris, 1992), 435–9.

CMR 2, 654–6; M. Frassetto, ‘Pagans, heretics, Saracens, and Jews in the sermons of Ademar of Chabannes’, in M. Frassetto (ed.), Heresy and the persecuting society in the middle ages. Essays on the work of R. I. Moore (Leiden, 2006), 73–91; idem, ‘The image of the Saracen as heretic in the sermons of Ademar of Chabannes’, in D. Blanks and M. Frassetto (eds.), Western views of Islam in medieval and early modern Europe. Perception of other (New York, 1999), 83–96.

Alan of Lille (d. 1202 or 1203), De fide catholica. Contra haereticos, Valdenses, Iudaeos et paganos (ca. after 1180), ed. K. de Viesch,  Summa quadrapartita adversus haereticos, Waldenses, Judaeos et paganos, libri duo priores cum initio tertii’, in Alanus ab Insulis, Opera moralia, paraenetica et polemica, quae reperiri potuerunt (Antwerp, 1654). [negative image of Prophet;  a dialogue possible]

CMR 4, 70–2; M. T. d’ Alverny, ‘Alain de Lille et l’ Islam’, Le contra paganos’, in Islam et chrétiens du Midi (XIIe–XIVe s.) (Toulouse, 1983), 301–50.

Alvarus of Cordova (b. early 9^th c.)=Vita Eulogii (Life of Eulogius) (wr. 854), PL 115, cols. 705–20; ed. /tr. P. Herrera Roldan, San Eulogio de Córdova (Madrid, 2005); tr. C. Sage, Paul Albar of Córdoba. Studies on his life and writings (Washington DC, 1943), 185–214.

CMR 1, 646–7; K. B. Wolf, Christian martyrs in Muslim Spain (Cambridge, 1988), 551–61 [=Wolf]; E. P. Colbert, The martyrs of Cordova 850–859: a study of the sources [Ph.D. Catholic Univ. of America Washington 1962], 148-66, 305-32; J. Coope, The martyrs of Córdoba. Community and family conflict in an age of mass conversion (Lincoln NE, 1995), 34–54; A. Cabaniss, ‘Paulus Albarus of Muslim Cordova’, CH 22 (1953), 99–112.

_____, ‘Indiculus luminosus’ (A shining declaration), PL 121, cols. 513–56; Sp. tr. P. Léon Delgado, Alvaro de Córdova y la polémica contra el Islam. El Indiculus luminosus (Cordova, 1996). [earliest work as exegetical assault on Islam and Prophet]

CMR 1, 647–8; K. B.Wolf, ‘Muhammad as Antichrist in ninth-century Cordova’, in M. D. Meyerson and E. D. English (eds.), Christians, Muslims, and Jews in medieval and early modern Spain. Interaction and cultural change (Notrte Dame, 1999), 3–19.

Benedict of Alignan (d. 1268), Tractatus fidei contra diversos errors= ed./tr. K. V. Jensen, ‘War against Muslims according to Benedict of Alignano, OFM’, Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 89 (1996), 181–95.

 

CMR 4, 421–4.

 

Chronica Byzantina-Arabica of 741=Di Cesare, The pseudo-historical image of the Prophet Muhammad in medieval Latin literature: a repertory (Berlin/Boston, 2012), 12–4 [=Di Cesare, The pseudo-historical]

 

60. A. García Moreno, ‘Elementos de tradición bizantina en dos Vidas de Mahoma mozárabes’, in I. Perez Martin and P. Bádenas de la Pena (eds.), Bizancio y la Península Ibérica. De la antigüedad tardía a la eded moderna (Madrid, 2004), 250–60.

 

Dionysius the Carthusian (d. 1471), Contra perfidiam Mahometi‘Against the perfidy of Muhammad‘ (ca. 1452), Doctoris ecstatici D. Dionysii Cartusiani opera omnia, 47 vols. (1896–1913), 233–442. [commission for a crusade preaching tour; based on John of Damascus, John Mandeville etc; image of the Prophet as pseudo-prophet and heretic]

 

CMR 5, 522–5; S. Martinez Sandoval, ‘La  figura de Mahoma en Contra perfidiam Mahometi de Dionisio Cartujano. Una aproximacion‘, in J. Hogg, A. Girard and D. Le Blévec (eds.), Kartäusische Kunst und Architektur mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Kartausen Zentraleuropas, 1. Länderübergreifender internationaler Kongress für Kartäuserforschung Aggsbach (NÖ, Austria) 10.8–31.8 und Brno/Brünn (CZ) 1.9.–4.9.2005 (Salzburg, 2006), 157–72.

 

Disputatio Felicis cum sarraceno =MGH ‘Epistolae Karolini Aevi’, ed. E. Duemmler (Berlin, 1895), ii, 284.

 

Wolf,  288.

 

Disputatio by Sparaindeo (c. 820 or 830s)=Memoriale sanctorum 1.7 (CSM 2: 375-6)=see Eulogius.  [a paragraph preserved in a quotation by Eulogius]

 

Wolf, 288 n. 29.

 

Eulogius of Cordoba (d. 859), ‘Memoriale Sanctorum, Documentum Martyriale, Apologeticus Martyrum’= J. Gil (ed.) (Madrid, 1973), 363–459 [CSM II]; ed. San Eulogio de Córdoba, Obras, tr. P. Herrera Roldán (Madrid, 2005), 55–166; PL 115, 735–818; Di Cesare, ‘Eulogius of Córdoba, The memorial of the saints and the book in defense of the martyrs’, in The pseudo-historical, 16–22 available at www.libro.uca.edu/martyrs/cm7.htm . [earliest reference to Islam as a separate religion]

 

CMR 1, 679–82; M. J. Aldana García, ‘La polémica teológica Cristianismo-Islam en el ‘Memoriale sanctorum’ de San Eulogio y su possible influencia oriental’, Alfinge. Revista de filología 8 (1997), 11‒22; Wolf, 289–93; J. C. Wasilewski, ‘The ‘Life of Muhammad’ in  Eulogius of Córdoba: some evidence for the transmission of Greek polemic to the Latin West’, Early medieval Europe 16 (2008), 333–53; F. González Munoz, ‘Ein torno a la orientación de la polémica antimusulmana en los textos latinos de los mozárabes del siglo IX’, in C. Aillet et al. (eds.), Existe una identidad mozárabe? Historia, lengua y cultura de los cristianos de al-Andalus (siglos IX–XII) (Madrid, 2008), 9–31.

 

_____, Liber apologeticus martyrum=J. Gil (ed.) (Madrid, 1973), 475–95 [CSM II]; PL 115, 851–70; San Eulogio de Córdoba, Obras, 191–214; Di Cesare, ‘Eulogius of Córdoba’, in The pseudo-historical, 22–8. [the Istoria de Mahomet is incorporated in this work]

 

CMR 1, 683.

 

Felix of Urgell (bef. 799), The disputation between Felix and a Saracen=J. Tolan, ‘Disputatio Felicis cum Sarraceno’, CMR 1, 365–6. [earliest anti-Muslim Latin polemical text]

 

Fidentius of Padua (d. after 1291 or 1294), Liber de recuperatione Terre Sancte (On the recovery of the Holy Land), ed. J. Paviot, Projets de croisade (v. 1290–v.1330) (Paris, 2008), 53–169.

 

CMR 4, 624–6.

 

Frutolf of Michelsberg (d.1103) & Ekkehard of Aura (d. 1125)= Frutolfı et Ekkehardi Chronica, ed. F. –J. Schmale and I. Schmale-Ott, Ausgewählte Quellen zur deutschen Geschichte des Mittelalters 15 (Darmstadt, 1972); Engl. tr. Th. J. H. McCarthy (ed.), Chronicles of the investiture contest: Frutolf of Michelberg and his continuators; selected sources (Manchester, 2014);  For an extract of Ekkehard’s opening of the first crusade, see J. H. Robinson (ed.), Readings in European History, I (Boston, 1904), 316–8 in www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/ekkehard-aur1.asp.; Di Cesare, ‘Frutolf of Michelsberg and Ekkehard of Aura, Universal Chronicle’, in The pseudo-historical, 78–9.

 

70. J. H. McCarthy, ‘Frutolf of Michelsberg’s Chronicle, the schools of Bamberg, and the transmission of imperial polemic’, in W. North, Haskins Society Journal 23, Studies in medieval history (2011) (Woodbridge, 2014), 51–70.

 

Genealogia Sarracenorum (wr. 883) (from the Chronica Prophetica), Di Cesare, ‘The genealogy of the Saracens’, in The pseudo-historical, 55–6; Engl. tr. K. B. Wolf www.pages.pomona.edu/~kbw14747/prophchr.htm [texts dealing with rise of Islam; chronology of the Prophet Muhammad’s ancestors]

 

Gerald of Wales (d. 1223)=excerpt, in Di Cesare, ‘Gerald of Wales, On the instruction of a prince’, in The pseudo-historical, 184–6.

 

Godfrey of Viterbo (d. 1196), Pantheon, PL, 198, col. 912; extracts in Di Cesare, 173–80.

 

Th. Foerster (ed.), Godfrey of Viterbo and his readers: imperial tradition and universal history in late medieval Europe (Farnham, 2015).

 

Hermann of Carinthia (d. mid 12^th c.), Liber generationis Mahumet nuncio Dei (On the birth of Muhammad) (ca. 1142–3), ed. Th. Bibliander, Machumetis Saracenorum principis eiusque successorum vitae ac doctrina, ipseque Alcoran…Haec omnia in unum volume redactae sunt opera et studio Theodori Bibliandri (Basel, 1543), I, 201–12 (repr Basel, 1550, Zurich, 1556); Di Cesare, 83ff.

 

CMR 3, 497–507, 500–3.

 

_____, Liber de doctrina Mahumet (On the doctrine of Muhammad), ed. Bibliander, Machumetis Saracenorum, I, 201–12; N. Davis, The errors of Mohammedanism exposed, or A dialogue between the Arabian prophet and a Jew, translated from the Arabic (Malta, 1847); excerpts in Di Cesare, 116ff.

 

CMR 3, 503–7.

 

 

Hugh of Flavigny (d. after ca. 1144), ‘Chronicon’, PL 154, col. 21–404; ed. G. H. Pertz, Hugh of Flavigny, Chronicon Hugonis Monachi Virdunensis et Divionensis Abbatis Flaviniacensis, MGH Scriptores 8 (Hannover, 1848), 288–502; = Di Cesare, in The pseudo-historical, 74–5.

 

CMR 3, 301–6; P. Healy, ‘The polemical use of scripture in the Chronicle of Hugh of Flavigny’, RTPM 73 (2006), 1–36.

 

Hugh of Fleury (d. ca. 1120), Historia ecclesiastica (Ecclesiastical History)= ed. G. Waitz (Hannover, 1851), MG SS 9, 337–64; repr. PL 163, cols. 805–54; ed. A. Wilmart, ‘L’ Histoire Ecclésiastique composée par Hughes de Fleury et ses destinaires’, RB 54 (1938), 292–305; B. Z. Kedar, Crusade and mission (Princeton, 1984, 1988), 208–10  [=passages on Muhammad and Islam]; ed. B. Rottendorf, Hugonis Floriacensis Chronicon (Münster, 1638), 149–50 in Di Cesare, 71–3. [relies on Anastasius Bibliothecaris on the Byzantine Empire and the image of the pseudo-prophet; report on the Prophet was reproduced by Vincent de Beauvais; themes on Islam]

 

CMR 3, 341–50; E. Mégier, Christliche Weltgeschichte in 12. Jahrhundert. Themen, Variationen und Kontraste. Untersuchungen zu Hugo von Fleury, Ordericus Vitalis und Otto von Freising (Frankfurt am Main, 2010); M. T. D’ Alverny, ‘La connaissance de l’ Islam en occident di IXe au milieu du XIIe siècle’, in L’ Occidente et l’ Islam nell’alto medioevo (Spoleto, 1964), 577–602, 599; E. Rotter, ‘Mohammed in Bamberg. Die Wahrne hmung der muslimischen Welt im deutschen Reich des 11. Jahrhunderts’, in A. Hubel and B. Schneidmüller (eds.), Aufbruch ins zweite Jahrtausend. Innovation und Kontinuität in der Mitte des Mittelalters (Ostfildern, 2004), 283–344.

 

Humbert of the Romans  (d. 1277), ‘Three part treatise’ (ca. 1273) =’Excerpta de tractandis in concilio Lugdum’, in E. Martène and U. Durand (eds.), Veterum scriptorum et monomentorum historicorum, dogmaticorum, moralium, amplissaima collectio, 9 vols. (Paris, 1724–33), vii, 174–98; ed./tr. Appendix ad Fasciculum rerum expetendarum et fugiendarum (1690), 185–228; excerpts in Di Cesare, ‘Hubert of Romans, minor work in three parts’, The pseudo-historical, 345–8.

 

CMR 4, 513–4.

 

_____, Liber sive tractatus de praedicatione sanctae crucis contra Saracenos infideles et paganos ’Book or treatise on the preaching of the holy cross against the unbelieving and pagan Saracens’, ed. K. V. Jensen, De predicatione cruces contra Saracenos (Copenhagen, 2007); www. jggj.dk/saracenos.htm.

 

CMR 4, 509–13.

 

Istoria de Mahomet (mid 9^th c.)==ed. M. C. Diaz y Diaz, ‘Los textos antimahometanos más antiguos en codices espanoles’, AHDLMA 37 (1970), 149–68, 157–9; Sp. tr. P. Herrera Roldán, San Eulogio de Córdova, Obras, 203–4; ed./Engl. tr. K. B. Wolf, ‘The Earliest Latin lives of Muhammad’, in M. Gervers and R. J. Bikhazi (eds.), Conversion and continuity: indigenous Christian communities in Islamic lands, eighth to eighteenth centuries (Toronto, 1990), 89–101 [PMS, 9]; repr. in O. R. Constable (ed.), Medieval Iberia. Readings from Christian, Muslim, and Jewish sources (Philadelphia, 1997), 48–50; Fr. tr. D. Millet-Gérard, Chrétiens mozarabes et culture islamique dans l’ Espagne des VIIIe –IXe siècles (Paris, 1984), 126–7; Engl. tr. E. P. Colbert, The martyrs of Cordova 850–859: a study of the sources [Ph.D. Catholic Univ. of America Washington 1962], 336–8; ed. Y. Bonnaz, Chroniques Asturiennes (Paris, 1987), 5–6; tr. excerpt from John of Seville, in R. Hoyland, Seeing Islam as others saw it. A survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian writings on early Islam (Princeton, 1997), 513 [=Hoyland]; tr. excerpt from Eulogius, in Hoyland, 513–4.

 

Hoyland, 512–5; CMR 1, 721–2; J. V. Tolan, Sons of Ishmael. Muslims through European eyes in the middle ages (Gainesville, 2008), ch. 2.

 

Jacques de Vitry (d. 1240), Historia Hierosolymitana (Jerusalem history) The History of Jerusalem: AD 1180, Engl. tr. A. Steward (London, 1896); Histoire des croisades, ed.. N. Desgrugillers, tr. F. Guizot (Paris, 1825; repr. 2005); ed./Fr. tr. J. Donnadieu, Jacques de Vitry. Histoire orientale. Historia orientalis (Turnhout, 2008); Fr. tr. M. G. Grossel, Histoire orientale (Paris, 2005); Di Cesare, The pseudo-historical, 220–35.

 

CMR 4, 295–306, 297–300; J. Donnadieu, ‘La representation de l’ Islam dans l’ Historia orientalis. Jacques de Vitry historien’, Le Moyen Âge (3-4/2008),  t. cxiv,  487–508.

 

James of Verona (wr. 1335)=R. Rohricht, ‘Le pèlerinage du moine augustin Jacques de Vérone’, ROL 3 (1895), 155–302; Di Cesare, The pseudo-historical, 459–66.

 

206. V. Claverie, ‘Les relations islamo-chretiennes a l’ une du recit de pelerinage de Jacques de Verone (1335)’, in Vermeulen (ed.), Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk eras (vol. 1–7) (Louvain, 1998–2010), vi, 191–206.

 

James of Voragine (d. 1298), Legenda aurea (The golden legend), ed./It. Tr. G. P. Maggioni, Jacopo da Varazze, Legenda aurea: con le miniature dal codice Ambrosiano C 240 inf. (Tavernuzze, 2007); ed. T. Graesse, Jacobi a Voragine, Legenda aurea, vulgo Historia Lombardica dicta (Osnabrück, 1890); tr. J. Tolan, ’A life of Muhammad from fifteenth-century Spain’, JSAI 36 (2009), 425–38.

 

CMR 4, 639–44; S. Mula, ‘Muhammad and the saints. The history of the Prophet in the Golden legend’, Modern Philology 101 (2003), 175–88.

 

Abbot Joachim of Flora (d. 1202.)=’Commentary on Revelation’=ed. Expositio in Apocalypsim (Venice, 1527; repr. Frankfurt, 1964); excerpts B. McGinn, Visions of the end. apocalytic traditions in the middle ages (New York, 1998); Di Cesare, ‘Joachim of Flore, various works’, in The pseudo-historical , 189–97.

 

_____, Liber Figurarum. ‘The Book of diagrams’, ed./tr. B. McGinn, Apocalyptic spirituality (New York, 1979), 135–48.

 

CMR 4, 83–91; G. Potestá, ‘Apocalittica e politica in Gioacchino da Fiore’, in W. Brandes and F. Schmieder (eds.), Endzeiten. Eschatologie in den monotheistischen Weltreligionen (Berlin, 2008), 231–48; B. McGinn, ‘Image and insight in Joachim of Flore’s Figurae’, in T. Noble and G. DeNie  (eds.). Envisioning experience in Late antiquity and the middle ages (Farnham, 2012).

 

John of Seville (d. 1135)= Paulus Albarus, Epistolae 6, 8–9: ‘Epistola Ioannis Spalensis Albaro directa’, in J. Gil, CSM (Madrid, 1973), vol. 1, 197–201; excerpt in Di Cesare, ‘John of Seville, Letter to Paulus Albarus’, in The pseudo-historical, 29–30.

 

38. Thorndike, ‘John of Seville’, Spec 34 (1959), 20–38.

 

Landolfus Sagax (d. late 10^th early 11^th c.), ‘Historia Romana’, PL 95, cols. 743–1143; Landolfi Sagacis Historia Romana, ed. A. Crivellucci, 2 vols. (Rome, 1912–3) [FSI 49–50]; (repr. Turin, 1968). [relies on Anastasius Bibliothecarius on Muhammad; history of Rome up to the reign of the emperor Nicephorus II]

 

CMR, 2, 524–5.

 

John of Sulṭāniyya (d. after 1412), Libellus de notitia orbis (Description of the world) (ca. 1404), part. ed. A. Kern, ‘Der ‘Libellus de notitia orbis’ Iohannes III (de Galonifontibus?) O. P. Erzbishofs von Sulthanyeh’, Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum 8 (1938), 81–123, 95–123.

 

CMR 5, 290–7.

 

Liber apologeticus martyrum 16 (CSM 2 483–6).

 

Wolf, 288 n. 30.

 

Liber scalae Machometi (d. 1264), ed. tr. R. Hyatte, The prophet of Islam in Old French. The Romance of Muhammad (1258) and the book of Muhammad’s ladder (1264) (Leiden, 1997). [one of the canonical sources for Christian polemics from 11to 15^th centuries]

 

CMR 4, 425–8; P. Kennedy, ‘The Muslim sources of Dante?’, in D. Agius, R. Hitchcock (eds.), The Arab influence in medieval Europe (Ithaca NY, 1994), 63–82; A. Echevarria, ‘La reescritura del Libro de la escala de Mahomacon  fines polémicos (ss. XIII–XV)’, CEHM 29 (2006), 173–99.

 

Lucas of Tuy (d. 1249), Chronicle, PL 96 cols. 319–24= Lucas Tudensis, Chroniconm mundi 2, 80 and 3, 4–7 in Lucae Tudensis. Chronicon Mundi, ed. E. Falque (Turnhout, 2003), 159 and 166–70= =Di Cesare, ‘Lucas of Tuy, Chronicle of the world’, in The pseudo-historical, 236–40. [life of Prophet; early Islamic conquests; relies on chronicle of 754]

 

CMR 4, 271–9; F. González Munoz, ‘La leyenda de Mahoma en Lucas de Tuy’, in M. Perez González (ed.), Actas del III congreso  Hispánico de Latín medieval (Leon, 2002), 347–58.

 

Mark of Toledo (d. after 1216)=’Liber Alchorani’, ed. N. P.  Pons, Titulo Alchoranus Latinus, quem transtulit  Marcus canonicus Toletanus. Estudio y edición crítica (Barcelona, 2008) [Diss. Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona] [tr. Qur’an into Latin]; excerpt, in Di Cesare, 198ff.

_______________, ‘Libellus Habentometi de unio Dei’, ed. M. T. D’ Alverny and G. Vajda, ‘Marc de Tolède, traducteur d’ Ibn Tūmart’, Al-Andalus 16 (1951), 99–140, 259–307,  268–83; excerpt, in Di Cesare, 198ff. [translation of the work of Islamic theology of Ibn Tumart]

 

CMR 4, 150‒6; J. V. Tolan, ‘Las traducciones y la ideología de reconquista: Marcos de Toledo’, in M. Barceló Perello,  J. Martínez Gázquez, Musulmanes y cristianos en Hispania durante las conquistas de los siglos XII y XIII (Barcelona, 2005), 79‒86.

 

Matthäus Paris (d. 1259), Historia Anglorum, ed. Sir Fr Madden (Leiden, 1866/9); ed. H. R. Luard, Matthaei Parisiensis Chronica majora, 7 vols. (London, 1872–83) [Rerum Britannicarum Scriptores 57]; ed. G. Raymond and H. Michelant, Itinéraires à Jerusalem…, rédigés en français (Paris, 1882), 123–40; tr. J. A. Giles, Matthew Paris’s English history, from 1235 to 1273, 3 vols. (London, 1852–54); D. Pringle, ‘Matthew Paris: Itinerary from London to Jerusalem (1250–59) (texts from the part of the map representing the Holy Land)’, in idem, Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the holy land, 1187–1291 (Ashgate, 2012), 197–208; Di Cesare, ‘Matthew of Paris, Major Chronicles’, in The pseudo-historical, 260–77.

 

CMR 4, 400–4; J. Powell, ‘Matthew Paris, the lives of Muhammad, and the Dominicans’, in M. Balard, B. Z. Kedar and J. Riley-Smith (eds.), Dei gesta per Francos (Aldsdershot, 2001), 65–71; S. Luchitskaya, ‘The image of Muhammad in Latin chronography of the 12^th and 13^th centuries’, JMH 26 (2000), 115–26; A. Seitz, ‘Darstelungen Muhammads und seiner Glaubenlehre in lateinischen Weltchroniken’, in M. Borgolte et al (eds.), Mittelalter im Labor (Berlin, 2008), 116–29.

 

Nicholas of Cusa (d. 1464), De pace fidei  (on the peace of faith, wr. 1453)=ed./Eng. Tr. J. Biechler and H. L. Bond, Nicholas of Cusa on interreligious harmony. Text, concordance and tranaslation of De pace fidei  (Lewiston NY, 1990); Fr. Tr. H. Pasqua, La paix de la foi suivi de Lettre  à Jean de Ségovie (Paris, 2008); ed. /Germ. tr. D. and W. Dupré, ‘Der Friede im Glauben’ in Nikolaus von Kues, Die Philosophisch-theologischen Schriften, vol. 3 (Vienna, 1989), 705–97; J. Hopkins, Nicholas of Cusa’s De pace fidei and Cribratio Alkorani (Minneapolis, 1994), 33–71. [response to the fall of Constantinople; on religious tolerance]

 

CMR 5, 422–5; J. Pedersen, ‘The unity of religion and universal peace. Nicholas of Cusa and his De Pace Fidei 1453’, in B. McGuire (ed.), War and peace in the Middle Ages (Copenhagen, 1987), 195–215.

 

_____, ‘Cribratio Alchorani (Shifting the Quran, wr. 1461)=H. Pasqua tr., Le Coran tamisé (Paris, 2011); ed./tr. Hopkins, Nicholas of Cusa’s De pace fidei and Cribratio Alkorani, 75–189; Lat. Text and Germ. tr. D. and W. Dupré, ‘Prüfung des Korans’, in Nikolaus von Kues, 799–817; ed. L. Hagemann, Nicolai de Cusa opera omnia et auctoritate Academiae Litterarum Heidelbergensis, vol. 8 Cribratio Alkorani (Hamburg, 1986). [aims to find a ‘pious interpretation’ of Islam]

 

CMR 5, 425–7; J. Biechler, ‘Nicholas of Cusa and Muhammad. A fifteenth-century encounter’, Downside review 101 (1983), 50–9; J. Hopkins, ‘The role of ‘pia interpretatio’ in Nicholasof Cusa’s hermeneutical approach to the Koran’, in G. Piaia, Concordia Discors. Studi su Niccolò Cusano e l’ umanesimo europeo offerti a Giovanni Santinello (Padua, 1993), 251–73; J. Biechler, ‘A new face toward Islam. Nicholas of Cusa and John of Segovia’, in G. Christianson and T. Izbicki (eds.), Nicholas of Cusa in search of God and wisdom. Essays in memory of Morimichi Watanabe  by the American Cusanus society (Leiden, 1991), 185–202; T. Izbicki, ‘The possibility of dialogue with Islam in the fifteenth century’, in Christianson and Izbicki (eds.), Nicholas of Cusa in search of God and wisdom,  175–83.

 

_____, Epistola ad Ioannem de Segovia (Letter to Juan de Segovia) (wr. 1454)=La paix de la foi suivi de lettre à Jean de Ségovie, tr. H. Pasqua (Paris, 2008). [on interfaith conference]

 

CMR 5, 427–8; see also I.Ch. Levy et al., Nicholas of Cusa and Islam. Polemic and dialogue in the late middle ages  (Leiden, 2014); A. Moudarres, ‘Crusade and conversion: Islam as schism in Pius II and Nicholas of Cusa’, MLN 128 (2013), 40–52.

 

Nicholas of Lyra (d. 1349), Apocalypse commentary, tr. P. Krey (Kalamazoo, 1997). [identifies the Prophet Muhammad with the second beast]

 

CMR 4, 879–83; P. Krey, ‘Nicholas of Lyra and Paul of Burgos on Islam’, in J. Tolan, Medieval Christian perceptions of Islam A book of essays (New York, 1996), 153–74; C. Burr, ‘Antichrist and Islam in medieval Franciscan exegesis’, in Tolan, Medieval Christian perceptions of Islam, 131–52.

 

Oliver Paderborn (d. 1227), Historia Damiatina, tr. J. J. Gavigan, The capture of Damietta (Philadelphia, 1948; repr. NY, 1980). (Fifth Crusade); E. Peters (ed.), Christian Society and the Crusades, 1198–1229: sources in translation Including the capture of Damietta by Oliver of Paderborn, tr. J. J. Gavigan. (Philadelphia, 1971); Di Cesare, ‘Oliver of Paderborn, The history of the capture of Damietta; letters’, The pseudo-historical, 215–9.

 

CMR, 4, 212–29; J. Bird, ‘Crusade and conversion after the Fourth Laternan council 1215. Oliver of Paderborn’s and James of Vitry’s missions to Muslims reconsidered’, EMS  21 (2004), 23–48.

 

Otto, Bishop of Freising (d. 1158), Historia  de duabus civitatibus (History of the two cities), tr. C. Mierow, The two cities. A chronicle of universal history to the year 1146 AD (New York, 1928);  Di Cesare, ‘Otto of Freising, Chronicles or History of the two cities’, in The pseudo-historical, 168–70.

 

CMR 3, 558–66, 561–6.

 

Paul Albar or Alvar of Cordoba, Indiculus luminosus, PL 121, 513–56; ed. J. Gil (Madrid, 1973), 270–315 [CSM I]; Di Cesare, ‘Paulus Albarus, The Luminuous guide’, in The pseudo-historical image, 31–48.

 

Colbert, Martyrs of Cordoba, 266–304; D. J. Wasserstein, ‘A Latin lament on the prevalence of Arabic in ninth-century Islamic Cordioba’, in A. Jones (ed.), Arabicus Felix Luminosus Brittanicus. Essays in honour of A. F. L. Beeston on his eightieth birthday (Oxford, 1991), 1–7.

 

Peter of Cluny (d. 1156), Summa totius haeresis Saracenorum (Sum of the entire heresy of the Saracens), ed. T. Bibliander (ed.), Machumetis Saracenorum principis, eiusque successorum vitae, doctrina as ipse Alcoran…3 vols. (Basel, 1543), I, 204–11. [cites Anastasius]

 

CMR 3, 604–10.

 

_____, Contra Saracenos (Against the Saracens), ed. Bibliander, Machumetis Saracenorum principis, I, 8–188.

 

CMR 3, 608–10.

 

Peter of Poitiers (d. 1205)=Epistola Petri Pictaviensis ad dominum Petrum abbatem 3; Petrus Pictaviensis, Capitula 1–4: in R. Glei ed./tr., Petrus Venerabilis, Schriften zum Islam (Altenberge, 1985), 226–28, 232–39; extracts in Di Cesare, ‘Peter of Poitiers, chapter headings for a treatise aganst the Saracens’, in The pseudo-historical, 141–5.

 

Peter of Toledo ( d. 1142) Epistula Saraceni [et] Rescriptum Christiani, ed. / Sp. tr. F. González Munoz, Exposición y refutación del Islam. La version Latina de las epistolas de Hasimi y al-Kindi (A. Coruna, 2005); excerpt in Di Cesare, The pseudo-historical, 122ff.

 

CMR 3, 478–82; S. K. Samir, ‘La version latine de l’ Apologie d’ al-Kindi (vers 830 ap. J.-C.) et son original arabe’, in Existe una identidad mozárabe? Historia, lengua y cultura  de los cristianos de al-Andalus (siglos IX–XII) (Madrid, 2008), 33–81; T. Burman, ‘The influence of the Apology of al-Kindi and Contrarietas alfolica on Ramon Llull’s late religious polemics, 1305–1313’, Medieval studies 53 (1991), 197–28; O. Lieberknecht, ‘Zur Rezeption der Apologie des Pseudo-Kindi in der lateinischen Muhammadliteratur des Mittelalters’, in A. Schöberger and K. Zimmermann (eds.), De orbis Hispani linguis litteris historia moribus. Festschrift für Dietrich Briesemeister zum 60. Geburtstag, 2 vols. (Frankfurt, 1994), I, 523–38.

 

Peter the Venerable of Cluny (12^th c.)= ‘Contra sectam Saracenorum’ (‘Against the Saracens’), PL, 189, cols. 666–720; ed. J. Kritzeck, Peter the Venerable and Islam (Princeton NJ, 1964), 220-51; ed./Germ. Tr. R. Glei, Petrus Venerabilis Schften zum Islam (Altenberge, 1985); Di Cesare, ‘Peter the Venerable, Against the sect of the Saracens’, in The pseudo-historical, 146–64.

_____, ‘Sum of the entire heresy of the Saracens’, ed./Germ. tr., Glei, Petrus Venerabilis Schften zum Islam.

 

CMR 3, 604–10; K. M. Setton, ‘Early legends and prophecies’, in idem, Western hostility to Islam: and prophecies of Turkish doom [v. 201]  (Philadelphia, 1992), 11, 13 n. 15; M.-Th. d’ Alverny, ‘Deux Traductions latines du Coran au moyen-âge’, in Archives d‘ histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Age (AHDLMA) 16 (Paris, 1947–48), 69–131; J. V. Tolan, ‘Peter the Venerable on the ‘diabolical heresy of the Saracens’, in A. Ferreiro (ed.), The devil, heresy and witschcraft in the middle ages . Essays in honor of Jeffrey B. Russell (Leiden, 1998), 345–67.

 

Corpus Cluniacense=extracts of different sources=Di Cesare, ‘Corpus Cluniacense’, in The pseudo-historical, 83–140.

 

Pedro (d. bef. 1250)=Vita Mahometi (1221–2)=ed. V. Valcárcel, ‘La ‘Vita Mahometi’ del códice 10 de Uncastillo (s. XIII). Estudio y edición’, in M. Pérez González (ed.), Actas III congreso Hispánico de Latín medieval (León, 26-29 de septiembe de 2001), 2 vols. (León, 2002), 243–5.

 

CMR 4, 207–11; J. Tolan, ‘Rhetoric, polemics and the art of hostile biography. Portraying Muhammad in thirteenth-century Christian Spain’, in J. M. Soto Rábanos Pensamiento medieval hispano. Homenaje a Horacio Santiago-Otero, 2 vols. (Madrid, 1998).

 

Ramon Martí (d. ca. 1284)=’Explanatio simboli apostolorum’, ed./tr. J.March, ‘En  Ramón Martí y le sebva ‘Explanatio Simboli Apostolorum’, AIEC (1908), 443‒96.

_____,‘De seta Machometi’, ed./Sp.tr., J. Hernabndo i Delgado, ‘Ramón Martí (s. XIII) De seta Machometi o De origine, progressu et fine Machometi et quadruplici reprobatione prophetiae eius’, Acta historia et archaeologica mediaevalia (AHAM) 4 (1983), 9‒63.

 

CMR 4, 381–90; R. Szpiech, ‘Translation, transcription, and transliteration in the polemics of Raymond Martini, OP’, in K. L. Fresco and C. D. Wright (eds.), Translating the middle ages (Ashgate, 2012); A. Bonner, ‘L’ apologètica de Ramon Marti I Ramon Llull davant de l’ Islam I del judaisme’, Estudi General 9 (1989), 171–85.

 

Refutation=‘Two arguments in support of Christian faith. A. A Mozarabic refutation of Islam (ca. 1140)’, translated from Arabic by Th. E. Burman, in Medieval Iberia. Readings from Christian, Muslim, and Jewish sources ed. by P. R. Constable (Penn., 1997), 143–7.

 

Fra Ricoldo da Montecroce (d. 1320), Contra  legem Sarracenorum, ed. E. Panella, ‘Riccoldo’, www.emilioweb.t35.com/riccoldo2/cls000.htm; Migne, PG 154, cols. 1077–1543 (repr. of the Greek tr.in Bibliander’s edition of 1543): T. Bibliander (ed.), Confutatio alcorani, in Machumetis Saracenorum principis, eiusque successorum vitae, doctrina as ipse Alcoran…3 vols. (Basel, 1543), ii, 82–165 (ed. of Demetrius Cydones Greek tr., and Picenus’ Latin version). It. tr. G. Rizzardi, I Saraceni (Florence, 1992). [‘most Latin influential treatise against Islam’]

 

CMR 4, 678–91, 688–91; for the influence of Liber denudationis  (ca. 1050–1132) on the work, see CMR 3, 414–7; J. M. Mérigoux, ‘Un précurseur du dialogue islamo-chrétien. Frère Ricoldo’, Revue Thomiste 73 (1973), 609–21; idem, ‘L’ ouvrage d’ un Frère Prêcheur florentin en Orient à la fin du XIIIe siècle. Le Contra legem Saracenorum de Riccoldo da Monte di Croce’, Memorie Dominicaine 17 (1986), 1–144; J. W. Sweetman, Islam and Christian theology. A study of interpretation of theological ideas in the two religions. Vol.2.1. The medieval developments significant for comparative study. Historical survey of the second period (London, 1955), 116‒59. [summary of Riccoldo’s treatise]

 

_____, Epistole ad ecclesiam triumphantem; ed./Fr. tr. R. Kappler, Riccold de Monte Croce, Pélégrination en Terre Sainte et au Proche Orient, texte latin et traduction. Lettres sur la chute de Saint Jean d’ Acre, traduction (Paris, 1997), 207–52.

 

CMR 4, 681–3; D. Wettecke, ‘Die Macht des Islam und die Niederlage der Kreuzfahrer. Zum Verständnis der Briefe an die himmlische Kurie de Riccoldo da Monte di Croce OP’, Saeculum 25 (2007), 265–96; T. Burman, ‘Polemic, philology, and ambivalence. Reading the Qur’ān in Latin Christendom’, JIS 15 (2004), 181–209, 208–9.

 

_____, Liber peregrinationis= ‘The book of the pilgrimage’, ed./Fr. tr. R. Kappler, Riccold de Monte Croce, Pélégrination en Terre Sainte et au Proche Orient, texte latin et traduction. Lettres sur la chute de Saint Jean d’ Acre, traduction (Paris, 1997); Di Cesare, ‘Riccoldo of Monte di Croce, Letters to the triumphant church; Against the law of the Saracens; Book of the pilgrimage’, The pseudo-historical, 381–434.

 

CMR 4, 683–6 for other works, see 686–8; M. J. Spath, ‘Riccoldo da Mmontew Croce. Medieval pilgrim and traveller to the heart of Islam’, Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies (BRIIFS) 1 (1999), 65–102; J. M. Mérigoux, ‘Les débuts de l’ ordre dominicain et le mode musulman. Riccoldo da Monte di Croce’, Memoire Dominicaine 15 (2001), 55–77.

 

49. Jiménez de Rada (d. 1247), Historia Arabum (History of the Arabs), ed./tr. C. Chairi, ‘Introducción, edición y estudio contextualizado de Historia Arabum de Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, arzobispo de Toledo (Diss. Univ. Tetouan, 2006); ed./tr. M. Maser, Die Historia Arabum des Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada. Arabische Traditionen und die Identität der Hispania im 13 Jahrhundert (Münster, 2006), 303‒58; Di Cesare,’Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, History of the Arabs’, in The pseudo-historical, 241‒49.

 

CMR 4, 343‒55; J. Martínez Gázquez, ’Cambios en la Vita Mahomet de R. Jiménez de Rada  en el ms. 1515 de la BNE’, in I. Ruiz Arzalluz et al., Estudios de Filología e Historia en honor del Prof. V. Valcárcel, 2 vols. (2014),  617‒32.

 

Ralph Niger (d. 1217) ‘Chronicles’ =Chronicon ab initio mundi ad annum Domini 1199, a. 615 & Chronicon a Christo nato ad regnum Henrici secondi regis Augliae=in R. Anstruther (ed./tr.), Radulphi Nigri Chronica. The Chronicles of Ralph Niger (London, 1851), 57‒8, 141‒2=extracts in Di Cesare, ‘Raph Niger, Chronicles’, in The pseudo-historical, 181‒3. [Islamic views on Jesus]

 

Ramon Lull (d. 1315-6)=ed./tr. Raimundi Lulli opera Latina, tomus XXII, 130–33, in Monte Pessulano et Pisis anno 1308 composita, ed. A. Madre (Turnhout, 1998); Di Cesare, ‘The book of the dispute between the Christian Ramon and the Saracen Umar’, in The pseudo-historical, 437–45.

 

CMR 4, 703‒17, 715‒7; H. Daiber, ‘Der Missionar Raimundus Lullus und seine Kritik am Islam’, Estudios Lullianos 25 (1981‒3), 45‒57; T. E. Burman, ‘The influence of the Apology of al-Kindī and Contrarietas Alfolica on Ramon Lull’s late religious polemics, 1305–1313’, MS 53 (1991), 197–228.

 

____________________, Doctrina pueril ‘Teachings for children’=ed. J. Santanach i Suñol (Palma de Mallorca, 2005) [Nova Edició de les Obres de Ramon Llull 7].

 

CMR 4, 706‒8 for other works, see 709‒12, 712‒3, 713‒5.

 

Richard of Cluny (d. 1174) ‘Chronicles’= in Di Cesare, 165‒7. [section on emperor Heraclius; biography of Prophet; poem on the Prophet Muhammad’s law]

 

Robert of Ketton (d. 1157), Lex Mahumet pseudo-prophete que arabice Alcoran, Basel, 1550, I, 8-189 id est collection preceptorum, vocatur (The law of the pseudo-prophet Muhammad) (wr. ca. 1142‒3), ed. Bibliander, Machumetis Saracenorum principis, 3 vols. in 1 (Basel, 1550), I, 8‒189; Di Cesare, 119‒20. [first translation of the Qur’an in western language; used as a testimony to illustrate the excellence of Christian law]

 

CMR 3, 508–9, 510–5; see J. Martínez Gázquez, ‘Los quince primeros nombres de Allah en la traducción Latina del Alchorán de Robert de Ketton’, Euphrosyne 33 (2005), 303–13; idem ‘Les traducciones Latinas medievales del Coran. Pedro de Venerable-Robert de Ketton, Marcos de Toledo, y Juan de Segobia’, Euphrosyne 31 (2003), 491–503; T. Burman, ‘The Latin-Arabic Qur’ān edition of Egidio de Viterbo and the Latin Qur’ān’s of Robert of Ketton and Mark of Toledo’, in M. Barceló and J. Martínez Gázquez. Musulmanes y cristianos en Hispania durante las conquistas de los siglos XII y XIII (Barcelona, 2005), 103–17.

 

_____, Chronica mendosa et ridicula Sarracenorum (Mendacious and ridiculous chronicle of the Saracens) (ca. 1143), ed. Bibliander, Machumetis Saracenorum principis in Di Cesare, 91–2. [part of the Peter Cluniensis corpus; tr. of an anonymous Arabic chronicle; narrates events up to reign of 2^nndd ‘Ummayad caliph]

 

CMR 3, 515–9.

 

Roger of Wendover (d. 1236), ‘Flowers of Histories’= ed. H. O. Coxe Rogeri de Wendover Chronica sive Flores Historiarum (London, 1841–42); tr. J. A. Giles, Roger of Wendover, Flowers of History, comprising the history of England from the descent of the Saxons to A.D. 1235, formerly ascribed to Matthew Paris  (London, 1849); Rogerius Wendoverius, Flores Historiarum A.D. 622 (in Rogeri Wendover Chronica sive Flores Historiarum (1841–42), vol. 1, 121–3): De Machumet pseudo-propheta & vol. 2, 77–8: Di Cesare, 257–8, 258–9.

 

Savonarola (d. 1499), ‘Commentatiuncula lectu dignissima’ in Th. Bibliander, Machumetis Saracenorum principis eiuque successorum vitae, doctrina, ac ipse Alcoran (ed. of March 1550), ii, 233–36.

 

Sigebert of Gembloux (d. c. 1112), ‘Chronica’, PL, 160, cols. 57‒546, col. 118: extract in Di Cesare, ‘Sigebert of Gembloux Chronicles’, in The pseudo-historical, 76–7. [Continuation up to 1112 of the Chronicon of Eusebius]

 

1. Meserve, Empires of Islam in Renaissance historical thought (Cambridge, Mass, 2008), index.

 

Speraindeo (d. 850/1), ‘Refutation’ in Eulogius, ‘Memoriale sanctorum’ 1. VII, PL 115 col. 745 A–B; tr. Hoyland, Seeing Islam as others saw it, 229.

 

CMR 1, 633–5; Colbert, Martyrs of Cordoba, 157–63.

 

Symeon Semeonis (wr. 1323–4)=Itinerarium Symeonis Semeonis ab Hybernia ad Terram Sanctam, ed. M. Esposito (Dublin, 1960) [SLH iv]; Itinerary of Father Simon Fitzsimmons, tr. E. Hoade, Western pilgrims (Jerusalem, 1323–4), 1-46   [SBF, Coll. Maj. Vol. xviii]; Di Cesare, ‘Simon Fitzsimon, Travel from Ireland to the Holy Land’, in The pseudo-historical, 446–54.

 

Thietmar (wr. 1217), ‘Pilgrimage’, Liber Peregrinationis, ed. J. C. M. Layurent, Mag. Thietmari Peregrinatio (Hamburg, 1857); tr. Pringle, ‘Thietmar: Pilgrimage (1217–18)’, in idem, Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the holy land, 1187–1291, 95–133; Di Cesare, ‘Master Thietmar, The way to the Holy Land’, in The pseudo-historical, 206–8.

 

Vincent de Beauvais (d. 1264), Speculum Historiale, ed. J. B. Voorbij, Het Speculum Historiale van Vincent van Beauvais. Een studie van zijn ontstaansgeschiedenis (Groningen, 1991), 240–6; Bibliotheca mundi sive Speculum quadruplex (Naturale, Doctrinale, Morale, Historiale) (Douai, 1624; repr. Graz, 1964‒5); Di Cesare, ‘Vincent of Beauvais, The mirror of history’, in The pseudo-historical, 316–36. [Muslim worship is described as idolatry; info on conflict between Byzantines and Muslims; cites the chronicler Theophanes on Byzantine-Muslim events]

 

CMR 4, 405‒15; H. M. Lee, Les images de l’ histoire. Du Speculum historiale au miroir historial. Culture historique et iconographique dans les manuscrits enlumines de Vincent de Beauvais (Diss. Ecloe des Hautes Etudes, Paris, 2006); E. Platti, ‘L image de l’ Islam chez le dominicain Vincent de Beauvais (m. 1264)’, MIDEO 25‒26 (2004), 65‒139; idem, ‘Vincent de Beauvais (m. 1264) et ‘Abd al-Masīḥ al-Kindī’, in G. Gobbilot, M. T. Urvoy (eds.), L’ Orient chrétien das l’ empire musulman (Versailles, 2005), 237‒49; O. Lieberknecht, ‘Zur Rezeption der Apologie des Pseudo-Kindi in der lateinischen Muhammadliteratur des Mittelalters’, in A. Schönberger and  K. Zimmermann, De orbis Hispani linguis litteris historia moribus, 2 vols. (Frankfurt am Main, 1994), i, 523‒38; M Tarayre, ‘L’ image de Mahomet et de l’ Islam dans une grande encyclopédie du moyen âge, le Speculum historiale de Vincent de Beauvais’, Le Moyen Âge 109 (2003), 313‒43.

 

William of Auvergne (d. 1249), De fide et legibus= ed. Guilielmus Alvernus, Opera omnia, 2 vols. (Paris, 1674), I, cols. 1–102; (rept Frankfurt am Main, 1963); Di Cesare, ‘William of Auvergne, On the faith and the laws against the Gentiles’, 250–5.

 

CMR 4, 288–94; L. Smith, ‘William of Auvergne and the law of the Jews and the Muslims’, in T. J. Heffernan and T. E.. Burman (eds.), Scripture and pluralism. Reading the Bible in the religiously plural worlds of the Middle ages and Renaissance (Leiden, 2005), 123–42.

 

William of Malmesbury (d. 1143 or after), Abbreviatio de gestis imperatorum (Abbreviated history of the emperors)=CMR 3, 484–5; excerpts in Latin Di Cesare, 80–1. [recopies Hugh of Fleury’s biography of the Prophet Muhammad and modifies it]

_____, Gesta Regum Anglorum, The history of the English kings, ed./tr. R. A. B. Mynors, completed by R. M. Thomson and M. Winterbottom (Oxford, 1998–9); Willelmi Malmesbiriensis monachi de gestis regum Anglorum, ed. W. Stubbs, 2 vols. (London, 1887–9); excerpts in Latin, Di Cesare, 81.

 

CMR 3, 485–6, 483–7; R. Thomson, William of Malmesbury (Woodbridge, 1987); idem, ‘William of Malmesbury, historian of the crusade’, RMS 23 (1997), 121–34.

 

Wilhelm of Tripolis (d. after 1273), Notitia de Mahometo (Information concerning Muhammad)= ed./Germ. tr., P. Engels, Wilhelm von Tripolis. Notitia de Machometo, De statu Sarracenorum (Würzburg, 1992), 194–60, 263–370 [CISC, ser. Latina. Schriftleitung Ludwig Hagemann 4]; Di Cesare, ‘William of Tripoli, Notice on Muhammad, On the state of the Saracens’, in The pseudo-historical, 349–64. [calls for conversion of Muslims; cites prophecies of the end of Islam; positive treatment of the Qur’an]

 

CMR 4, 515‒20, 516‒8; T. O’ Meara, ‘The theology and times of William of Tripoli, OP. A different view of Islam’, Theological studies 69 (2008), 80‒98.

 

Abbreviations

 

CMR 1= D. Thomas and B. Roggema, with J. P. Monferrer Sala, J. Pahlitzsch, M. Swanson, H. Teule, and J. Tolan (eds.), Christian-Muslim Relations: a bibliographical history. Vol. 1, 600–900. [The History of Christian-Muslim Relations 11] (Leiden, 2009).

CMR 2= D. Thomas and A. Mallett et al. (eds.), vol. 2, 900–1050. [The History of Christian-Muslim Relations 14] (Leiden, 2010).

CMR3=D. Thomas and A. Mallett et al. (eds.), vol. 3, (1050-1200) [The History of Christian-Muslim Relations 15] (Leiden, 2011).

CMR 4=D. Thomas and A. Mallett et al. (eds.), vol. 4, (1200‒1350) [The History of Christian-Muslim Relations 17] (Leiden, 2012).

CMR 5= D. Thomas and A. Mallett et al. (eds.), vol. 5, (1350‒1500) [The history of Christian-Muslim relations; vol. 20] (Leiden, 2013).

PG       Patrologia Graeca

PL        Patrologia Latina

 

Additional secondary sources

307. Akbari, ‘The rhetoric of Antichrist in Western lives of Muhammad’, ICMR 8 (1997), 297‒307.
308. J. Aldana García, ‘La polémica teológica Cristianismo-Islam en el ‘Memoriale sanctorum’ de San Eulogio y su possible influencia oriental’, Alfinge. Revista de filologia 8 (1997), 11‒2.
309. Allaire, ‘Portrayal of Muslims in Andrea da Barberino’s Guerrino il Meschino’, in J. V. Tolan, Medieval Christian perceptions of Islam. A book of essays (New York, 1996).
310. Th. D’ Alverny, ‘La connaissance de l’ Islam en Occident de Ixe au XII e siècle ‘, in Centro Italiano di Studi sull’ Alto Medioevo, L’ Occidente e l’ Islam nell’ Alto Medioevo, 2 vols. (Spoleto, 1965).

Alessandro d’ Ancona, ‘La Leggenda di Mahometto in Occidente’, Giornale storico della letteratura italiana, XIII (Turin, 1889), 199‒281.

76. Bisaha, ‘Petrarch’s vision of the Muslim and Byzantine east’, Spec 76.2 (2001), 284‒314.
77. Bouvat, ‘Le Prophète Mahomet en Europe, légende et literature,’ RMM IX (Paris 1909), 264‒72.
78. E. Burman, Religious polemic and the Intellectual history of the Mozarabs, c. 1050‒1200 (Leiden, 1994), 33‒94.

_____, ‘Polemic, philology, and ambivalene. Reading the Qur’an in Latin Christendom’, JIS 15 (2004), 181‒209.

_____, ‘The influence of the Apology of al-Kindi and Contrarietas alfolica on Ramon Llull’s late religious polemics, 1305‒1313’. Medieval Studies 53 (1991), 197–228.

1. Burr, ‘Antichrist and Islam in medieval Franciscan exegesis’, in J. V. Tolan, Medieval Christian perceptions of Islam. A book of essays (New York, 1996).
2. Caspar, et al., ‘Bibliographie du dialogue islamo-chrétien’, Islamochristiana 1 (1975), 125–81, 173‒6 . [survey]
3. H. Claasens, ‘Jacob van Meerlant on Muhammad and Islam’, in J. V. Tolan, Medieval Christian perceptions of Islam. A book of essays (New York, 1996).
4. Cutler, ‘The ninth-century Spanish martyrs’ movement and the origins of the western Christian missions to the Muslims’, MW 55 (1965), 321‒39.
5. Daniel, Islam and the West; the making of an image (Edinburgh, 1960; repr. 1962, 1966).

_____, The Arabs and medieval Europe (Lonon, 1975).

1. Di Cesare, The pseudo-historical image of the Prophet Muhammad in medieval Latin literature: a repertory (Berlin/Boston 2012) [SGKIO].
2. C. Diaz y Diaz, ‘La historiografia hispana desde la invasion arabe hasta el ano 1000’, in La storiografia altomedievale, 2 vols. (Spoleto, 1970), vol. 1, 313‒55 [SSCISAM 17]; repr. idem, De Isidoro al siglo XI (Barcelona, 1976), 205‒34.

_____,  ‘Los textos antimahometanos más antiguos en codices espanoles’ (Vrin, 1971).

70. Ferreiro, ‘Simon Magus, Nicolas of Antioch, and Muhammad’, CH 72 (2003), 53‒70.
71. Flori, L’ Islam et la fin des temps. L’ interprétation prophetique des invasions musulmanes dans la chrétienté médiévale (Paris, 2007), 164‒8.

_____, ‘La caricature de l’ Islam dans l’ Occident medieval. Origine et signification de quelques stéréotypes concernant l’ Islam’, Aevum 66 (1992), 245‒56.

71. A. García Moreno, ‘Elementos de tradición bizantina en dos Vidas de Mahoma mozárabes’, in I. Pérez Martín and P. Bádenas de la Pena (eds.), Bizancio y la Peninsula Iberica : de la Antiguedad tardia a la Edad Moderna (Madrid 2004), 247–71.
72. S. Geary, ‘Arredondo’s Castillo inexpugnable de la fee: anti-Islamic propaganda in the age of Charles V’, in J. V. Tolan, Medieval Christian perceptions of Islam (New York, 1996).
73. González Munoz, ‘Liber Nycholay. La leyenda de Mahoma y el cardinal Nicolas’, al-Qantara 25 (2004), 8‒19.
74. Grady, ‘Machomete’ and Mandeville’s Travels’, in J. V. Tolan, Medieval Christian perceptions of Islam (New York, 1996).
75. Hotz, Mohammed und seine Lehre in der Darstellung abendländerischer Autoren vom späten 11. bis zur Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts (Frankfurt am Main, 2002).
76. Hyland, ‘John-Jerome of Prague and the religion of the Saracens’, in J. V. Tolan, Medieval Christian perceptions of Islam (New York, 1996).
77. Kangas, (Inimicus Dei etsanctae Christianitatis)Saracens and their Prophet in twelfth-century Crusade propaganda and western travesties of Muhammad’s life’, in C. Kostick (ed.), The crusades and the Near East (London, 2011), 131‒60.
78. Z. Kedar, Crusade and mission. European approaches toward the Muslims (Princeton NJ, 1984, 1988).
79. Kinoshita and S. B. Calkin, ‘Saracens as idolaters in European vernacular literatures’, CMR 4, 29‒44.

Ph. Krey, ‘Nicholas of Lyra and Paul of Burgos on Islam’, in J. V. Tolan,  Medieval Christian perceptions of Islam (New York, 1996), 153‒74.

60. Lieberknecht, ‘Zur Rezeption der Apologie des Pseudo-Kindi in der lateinischen Muhammadliteratur des Mittelalters’, in A. Schöberger and K. Zimmermann (eds.), De orbis Hispani linguis litteris historia moribus. Festschrift für Dietrich Briesemeister zum 60. Geburtstag, 2 vols. (Frankfurt, 1994).

Ph. Lomax, ‘Frederick II, His Saracens, and the Papacy’, in J. V. Tolan,  Medieval Christian perceptions of Islam (New York, 1996).

26. Luchitskaja, ‘The image of Muhammad in Latin chronography of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries’, JMH 26 (2000), 115‒26.
27. C. Lyons, ‘The land of war: Europe in the Arab hero cycles’, in A. E. Laiou-P. R. Mottahedeh (eds.), The Crusades from the perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim world  (Washington D. C., 2001), 41‒51.
28. Lyons, Islam through western eyes: from the Crusades to the war on terrorism (Columbia, 2014).
29. Mancini, ‘Per lo Studio della leggenda di Maometto in Occidente’, RRANI (Rome, 1934), 325‒49 [Classe di scienze morali, et., 6^th ser., X].
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